How to Keep Pavers from Shifting in Construction

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Paver installations are a popular choice in construction projects for driveways, walkways, patios, and outdoor living spaces. They provide durability, a polished aesthetic, and long-term functionality. However, one of the most common issues contractors and homeowners face is pavers shifting over time. Movement can cause uneven surfaces, trip hazards, and water drainage problems, reducing both safety and curb appeal.

In construction, understanding how to properly prepare, install, and maintain pavers is essential to keep them from shifting. This article explores effective techniques to ensure pavers remain in place for years to come.

Why Do Pavers Shift?

Pavers shift when they lack adequate support or when environmental factors weaken their foundation. Some common causes include:

  • Poor Base Preparation – Using insufficient gravel or failing to compact the base properly.
  • Erosion from Water – Rainwater or poor drainage washing away the base material.
  • Soil Movement – Expansive soils that swell and contract with moisture.
  • Lack of Edge Restraints – Without proper edging, pavers gradually push outward.
  • Incorrect Joint Filling – Using weak sand that washes out easily from between the pavers.

Step-by-Step Guide to Keep Pavers from Shifting

1. Excavate and Prepare the Base

  • Remove soil to a depth of 6–8 inches for walkways and up to 12 inches for driveways.
  • Ensure the ground is level and compacted.
  • Install a geotextile fabric if the soil is clay or prone to movement.

2. Install a Strong Sub-Base

  • Add 4–6 inches of crushed stone or gravel.
  • Compact in layers using a plate compactor.
  • Ensure proper slope for water drainage away from structures.

3. Add Bedding Sand Layer

  • Spread 1 inch of coarse sand (not play sand).
  • Use a screed board to level the sand evenly.
  • Avoid adding too much sand, which can cause instability.

4. Lay the Pavers Correctly

  • Place pavers tightly together without large gaps.
  • Use a running bond, herringbone, or basketweave pattern for strength.
  • Check alignment frequently with a string line.

5. Install Edge Restraints

  • Secure edge restraints made of plastic, aluminum, or concrete.
  • Anchor them with spikes driven into the ground every 12–18 inches.
  • This prevents lateral movement of pavers over time.

6. Fill Joints with Polymeric Sand

  • Sweep polymeric sand into the joints.
  • Mist lightly with water to activate binding agents.
  • This locks the pavers together and prevents weeds or ant infestations.

7. Compact the Pavers

  • Run a plate compactor over the entire surface.
  • Compacting settles the pavers into the sand and ensures an even finish.
  • Repeat sanding and compacting if needed.

8. Maintain Proper Drainage

  • Design slopes away from homes or structures (about 1/4 inch per foot).
  • Install drainage systems if necessary to prevent water pooling under the pavers.

Long-Term Maintenance Tips

  • Reapply polymeric sand every few years to keep joints strong.
  • Inspect edge restraints periodically for movement or damage.
  • Clean pavers regularly to prevent moss and weed growth.
  • Seal pavers to reduce erosion and weather damage.

Conclusion

Preventing pavers from shifting in construction comes down to strong preparation, proper installation, and consistent maintenance. A well-compacted base, quality joint sand, edge restraints, and good drainage ensure your paver project remains stable and attractive for decades. By following industry best practices, contractors can guarantee durable and safe paved surfaces that enhance both functionality and curb appeal.

FAQs on How to Keep Pavers from Shifting in Construction

Q1. What is the most important step to prevent pavers from moving?
The most critical step is compacting the gravel base properly, as this provides the foundation for long-term stability.

Q2. Can I use regular sand instead of polymeric sand?
Regular sand may wash out over time. Polymeric sand is preferred because it hardens and locks pavers together.

Q3. How do edge restraints help?
Edge restraints prevent pavers from spreading outward, keeping the installation intact even under heavy use.

Q4. Why is drainage important for paver stability?
Poor drainage can wash away the base and bedding sand, causing pavers to sink or shift.

Q5. Should pavers be sealed to prevent shifting?
Sealing does not stop shifting but helps protect against erosion, stains, and water infiltration, which indirectly improves stability.

Q6. How often should pavers be compacted after installation?
Pavers should be compacted immediately after installation and again after joint sand is applied to ensure they settle properly.

Q7. Can I fix shifting pavers without redoing the whole project?
Yes. You can lift affected pavers, re-level the base or sand, and reinstall them with proper compaction and joint filling.