How to Make a Retaining Wall with Railroad Ties in Construction

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Retaining walls play a vital role in construction and landscaping by holding back soil, preventing erosion, and creating leveled spaces for functional or decorative purposes. While there are many materials available for building retaining walls, railroad ties have been a popular choice for decades due to their durability, strength, and rustic appearance. Building a retaining wall with railroad ties is a cost-effective solution that blends structural support with natural aesthetics.

This article will walk you through the process of how to make a retaining wall with railroad ties in construction, including step-by-step instructions, tips, and important considerations.

Why Use Railroad Ties for Retaining Walls?

  • Durability: Railroad ties are pressure-treated and designed to withstand heavy loads.
  • Rustic Look: Their weathered, natural wood appearance adds charm to landscaping.
  • Affordability: They are often cheaper than stone or concrete block walls.
  • Availability: Railroad ties are readily available at lumber yards and hardware stores.

Tools and Materials Needed

Before starting construction, gather the following:

  • Railroad ties (number depends on wall length/height)
  • Shovel and pickaxe
  • Gravel or crushed stone
  • Level
  • Tape measure
  • Power saw or chainsaw
  • Rebar (reinforcement rods)
  • Drill with long masonry bit
  • Landscape fabric
  • Deadman ties (railroad ties placed perpendicular for anchoring)
  • Hammer and nails or large timber spikes
  • Safety gear (gloves, goggles, dust mask)

Step-by-Step Guide to Building a Retaining Wall with Railroad Ties

1. Planning and Measuring

  • Measure the area where you want the retaining wall.
  • Decide the wall height (most DIY walls are 3 feet or less for safety).
  • Calculate the number of railroad ties needed based on wall length and height.

2. Prepare the Base

  • Excavate a trench about 6–8 inches deep and wide enough to fit the width of a railroad tie.
  • Fill the trench with gravel or crushed stone for drainage and stability.
  • Compact the base and make sure it is level.

3. Lay the First Course of Ties

  • Place the first row of railroad ties in the trench.
  • Use a level to ensure they sit flat and even.
  • This base layer is the most important for the wall’s stability.

4. Stack Additional Layers

  • Lay the second course of ties, staggering the joints for added strength.
  • Drill holes vertically through the ties and drive rebar down into the soil to secure them.
  • Continue stacking layers until the desired height is reached.

5. Add Deadman Ties for Reinforcement

  • Every 8–10 feet, install a deadman tie.
  • This involves laying a railroad tie perpendicular to the wall and burying it into the slope behind the wall.
  • This anchors the wall and prevents it from tipping forward.

6. Backfill with Gravel and Soil

  • Place landscape fabric against the back of the wall to prevent soil from seeping through.
  • Backfill with gravel for drainage, then cover with soil.
  • Compact the soil behind the wall as you go to maintain stability.

7. Finishing Touches

  • Trim off any uneven ends of ties with a chainsaw for a clean look.
  • Add topsoil or plants above the wall for landscaping.
  • Seal the wood if desired to extend its lifespan.

Safety Considerations

  • Chemicals in Ties: Many railroad ties are treated with creosote, which can be toxic. Handle with care and avoid use in vegetable gardens.
  • Wall Height: If building a wall taller than 3–4 feet, consult a professional engineer to ensure structural safety.
  • Anchoring: Always use deadman ties or rebar reinforcement for long-lasting durability.

Pros and Cons of Using Railroad Ties

Pros:

  • Strong and long-lasting
  • Cost-effective compared to stone walls
  • Natural, rustic appearance

Cons:

  • Heavy and difficult to cut
  • Creosote treatment can be hazardous
  • Not ideal for garden beds with edible plants

Conclusion

Building a retaining wall with railroad ties is a practical, cost-effective, and visually appealing solution for controlling soil erosion and creating usable space in construction projects. With proper planning, reinforcement, and maintenance, a railroad tie wall can last for decades. However, safety precautions and correct installation methods are crucial to ensure durability and structural integrity.

FAQs

1. How long do railroad tie retaining walls last?
Typically, 20–30 years with proper installation and maintenance.

2. Are railroad ties safe for landscaping?
Yes, but avoid using them in vegetable or herb gardens due to creosote chemicals.

3. Do I need a permit to build a railroad tie retaining wall?
For walls under 3–4 feet, usually not. For taller walls, most municipalities require permits.

4. How do I keep the railroad ties from shifting?
Use rebar spikes and deadman anchors to hold them securely in place.

5. Can I cut railroad ties with a regular saw?
A powerful chainsaw or circular saw with a carbide blade is recommended due to the density of the wood.

6. What is the maximum safe height for a DIY railroad tie wall?
Generally, up to 3 feet. Higher walls should be engineered for safety.

7. How do I prevent water buildup behind the wall?
Install gravel backfill and landscape fabric for proper drainage.

8. Can I paint or seal railroad ties?
Yes, sealing can help extend their lifespan, but painting is not recommended as it may peel due to creosote.