What is an Upstand in Construction?

Introduction to Upstands in Construction

An upstand in construction refers to a vertical element that extends above a horizontal surface, typically used to prevent water ingress, ensure proper drainage, or support structural components. Upstands are crucial in various construction applications, including roofing, flooring, and external building elements. Understanding their function, types, and installation processes is essential for achieving durable and efficient construction outcomes.

Types of Upstands

1. Roofing Upstands

Roofing upstands are vertical barriers installed around roof penetrations, such as chimneys, skylights, and vents. These upstands ensure that water does not seep into the building through these openings. Key types include:

• Parapet Upstands: These are extensions of the wall that rise above the roof level, providing a barrier to prevent water from flowing over the roof edges.
• Flashing Upstands: Made from metal or other waterproof materials, flashing upstands are used around roof penetrations to create a waterproof seal.

2. Flooring Upstands

Flooring upstands are used at the junctions of walls and floors to prevent water from spreading into areas where it can cause damage. Common applications include:

• Shower and Wet Room Upstands: Installed in bathrooms and wet rooms to contain water within the designated area and prevent leakage into adjacent spaces.
• Basement Upstands: These are used in basements to manage water ingress and ensure that the interior remains dry.

3. External Building Upstands

External building upstands are used in the construction of facades, balconies, and terraces. They provide structural support and protect against water ingress. Examples include:

• Balcony Upstands: These are essential for preventing water from seeping into the building structure from balconies.
• Cladding Upstands: Installed at the base of external cladding systems to ensure water does not penetrate the building envelope.

Functions of Upstands in Construction

1. Water Management

The primary function of upstands is water management. They create a barrier that prevents water from flowing into undesired areas, thereby protecting the building’s structural integrity and interior spaces. Effective water management is crucial in maintaining the longevity and durability of a building.

2. Structural Support

Upstands provide structural support for various building elements. For example, in roofing, parapet upstands support the roof membrane and prevent it from sagging or being displaced. In external facades, upstands provide additional support for cladding and other external finishes.

3. Insulation and Thermal Bridging Prevention

Upstands play a role in insulation and preventing thermal bridging. By extending the insulation layer vertically, upstands help maintain the thermal integrity of the building envelope, reducing heat loss and improving energy efficiency.

4. Aesthetic Enhancement

Upstands can also enhance the aesthetic appeal of a building. They provide clean lines and transitions between different building elements, contributing to a more cohesive and visually appealing design.

Installation of Upstands

1. Material Selection

The selection of materials for upstands depends on their intended function and location. Common materials include:

• Metal: Metal upstands, such as those made from aluminum or galvanized steel, are durable and provide excellent waterproofing.
• PVC: PVC upstands are lightweight, easy to install, and provide good waterproofing properties.
• Concrete: Concrete upstands are used in heavy-duty applications where structural support is a primary concern.

2. Preparation of the Base

Proper preparation of the base is crucial for the effective installation of upstands. This involves:

• Cleaning the Surface: Ensuring that the surface is clean and free from debris to achieve a strong bond.
• Applying Primer: Using a suitable primer to enhance the adhesion of the upstand material to the surface.

3. Installation Techniques

Different installation techniques are used based on the type of upstand and its location. Common techniques include:

• Mechanical Fixing: Using screws, bolts, or other mechanical fasteners to secure the upstand in place.
• Adhesive Bonding: Using high-strength adhesives to bond the upstand to the surface, ensuring a waterproof seal.
• Welding: For metal upstands, welding provides a strong and durable connection, particularly in high-stress areas.

4. Waterproofing

Ensuring that upstands are properly waterproofed is essential. This involves:

• Sealing Joints: Using sealants or waterproof membranes to seal joints and connections, preventing water ingress.
• Applying Flashing: Installing flashing around the base of the upstand to direct water away and ensure a continuous waterproof barrier.

Common Applications of Upstands

1. Roofing Applications

In roofing, upstands are used around penetrations and edges to prevent water ingress and provide structural support. Common applications include:

• Skylights and Vents: Upstands ensure that water does not seep through the openings created by skylights and vents.
• Green Roofs: Upstands are used in green roof systems to contain soil and vegetation, preventing water from seeping into the building structure.

2. Flooring Applications

In flooring, upstands are essential in wet areas to contain water and prevent damage to adjacent spaces. Common applications include:

• Bathrooms and Wet Rooms: Upstands are installed around showers and baths to contain water within the wet area.
• Kitchens: In commercial kitchens, upstands help contain spills and prevent water from spreading to other areas.

3. External Building Applications

Externally, upstands are used in facades, balconies, and terraces to provide structural support and prevent water ingress. Common applications include:

• Balconies: Upstands prevent water from seeping into the building from balconies, protecting the structural integrity of the building.
• External Cladding: Upstands provide a base for cladding systems, ensuring that water does not penetrate the building envelope.

Conclusion

An upstand in construction is a vital element that serves multiple functions, including water management, structural support, insulation, and aesthetic enhancement. By understanding the different types of upstands, their functions, and installation techniques, we can ensure that construction projects achieve the desired durability, efficiency, and visual appeal. Properly installed upstands play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of a building, protecting it from water damage, and supporting various structural elements.