Actual Size of 1×2 in Construction in the USA
Understanding the True Dimensions of 1×2 Lumber
In construction and woodworking, a 1×2 board is commonly used for trim, furring strips, furniture making, and lightweight framing applications. However, its nominal dimensions do not represent its actual size due to sawmilling, drying, and finishing processes.
What Are the Actual Dimensions of a 1×2?
A 1×2 piece of lumber, when surfaced on all four sides (S4S), has the following actual dimensions:
- Thickness: ¾ inch (19mm)
- Width: 1 ½ inches (38mm)
Even though the board is labeled as 1 inch by 2 inches, the final actual size is ¾ inch by 1 ½ inches after processing.
Why Is the Actual Size of a 1×2 Smaller Than Its Nominal Size?
The reduction from nominal dimensions occurs due to the following:
- Initial Rough Cut – Lumber is originally cut to full dimensions, meaning a 1×2 starts as 1 inch by 2 inches.
- Planing and Surfacing – The board is smoothed to remove rough surfaces, reducing its thickness and width.
- Drying and Shrinkage – As wood dries, it shrinks, further reducing its dimensions.
- Standardized Sizing Practices – The lumber industry follows dimensional standards, ensuring uniformity across mills.
Common Uses of 1×2 Lumber in Construction
A 1×2 board is widely used for trim work, lightweight framing, and decorative applications.
1. Furring Strips
- Used to level out uneven surfaces before drywall installation.
- Provides ventilation gaps behind wall panels.
- Commonly used in attic conversions, basement refinishing, and wall insulation projects.
2. Trim and Molding
- Ideal for window and door trim due to its narrow width.
- Used in baseboard molding for a clean architectural finish.
- Suitable for crown molding extensions.
3. Cabinetry and Shelving
- Serves as a structural support for cabinets and built-in shelves.
- Commonly used in kitchen cabinet reinforcement.
- Works as edge banding for plywood shelving.
4. Furniture Construction
- Used in chair rails, picture frames, and decorative accents.
- Provides support for DIY furniture projects.
- Ideal for lightweight wooden frameworks.
5. Wood Paneling and Framing
- Supports wooden panels in wainscoting and wall cladding.
- Used in small-scale framing for room partitions.
- Helps create grid patterns in board and batten siding.
Types of 1×2 Lumber Based on Wood Species
The strength, durability, and aesthetic appeal of 1×2 boards depend on the wood species used.
1. Pine (Softwood – Most Common Choice)
- Affordable and widely available.
- Lightweight and easy to cut.
- Often used in indoor applications such as trim and furniture.
2. Oak (Hardwood)
- Stronger and more durable than softwoods.
- Ideal for cabinetry, furniture, and decorative trim.
- Provides an elegant grain pattern.
3. Cedar
- Naturally resistant to rot and insects.
- Commonly used in outdoor applications and fencing.
- Offers a distinct reddish-brown color.
4. Redwood
- High moisture resistance, making it suitable for outdoor projects.
- Often used in fencing, siding, and decorative woodwork.
- Has a rich, natural color.
5. Douglas Fir
- Stronger than pine, but still relatively lightweight.
- Commonly used in trim, molding, and furniture applications.
- Offers excellent dimensional stability.
Pressure-Treated vs. Untreated 1×2 Lumber
Pressure-Treated 1×2 Lumber
- Chemically treated to resist rot, moisture, and termites.
- Suitable for outdoor use in fencing, garden beds, and exterior trim.
- Typically green or brown in color due to preservatives.
Untreated 1×2 Lumber
- Preferred for indoor applications such as furniture and decorative trim.
- Easier to paint, stain, or finish.
- Requires sealing if exposed to moisture.
Standard Lengths of 1×2 Lumber
A 1×2 board is available in various lengths depending on the project requirements. Common lengths include:
- 6 feet
- 8 feet
- 10 feet
- 12 feet
- 16 feet
Shorter lengths are often sold as pre-cut trim boards.
Cost of 1×2 Lumber in the USA
The cost of 1×2 lumber varies based on wood species, treatment, and availability. Here is the average price per linear foot:
- Pine (Untreated): $0.50 – $1.50 per foot
- Oak (Hardwood): $2.00 – $4.00 per foot
- Cedar: $1.50 – $3.50 per foot
- Pressure-Treated Pine: $1.00 – $2.50 per foot
- Redwood: $3.00 – $5.00 per foot
How to Choose the Best 1×2 Lumber for Your Project
When selecting 1×2 boards, consider the following factors:
- Wood Grade – Higher grades have fewer knots and defects.
- Moisture Content – Kiln-dried boards are more stable and less likely to warp.
- Straightness – Look for boards that are not bowed or twisted.
- Application – Choose pressure-treated wood for outdoor use and untreated wood for indoor projects.
Comparison: 1×2 vs. 2×2 Lumber
| Feature | 1×2 Lumber | 2×2 Lumber |
|---|---|---|
| Actual Size | ¾” x 1 ½” | 1 ½” x 1 ½” |
| Strength | Lower load capacity | Higher load capacity |
| Common Uses | Trim, furring strips, decorative work | Small framing, support pieces, fencing |
| Cost | More affordable | Slightly more expensive |
Conclusion
A 1×2 board is a versatile and widely used piece of lumber in construction, woodworking, and furniture making. While its nominal size is 1 inch by 2 inches, its actual dimensions are ¾ inch by 1 ½ inches due to planing and drying processes. Whether used for furring strips, trim work, cabinetry, or small framing projects, selecting the right wood species, grade, and treatment ensures durability and performance.
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