What to Put Under Pavers to Level in Construction

In construction and landscaping projects, installing pavers is a common way to create durable, attractive surfaces for driveways, patios, walkways, and outdoor living spaces. One of the most critical steps in this process is knowing what to put under pavers to level the surface. Without proper preparation, pavers can shift, sink, or crack, leading to costly repairs.

A solid base ensures pavers remain level, resist erosion, and provide long-term stability. Contractors and homeowners alike must understand the materials and techniques involved in leveling pavers for construction projects.

Importance of a Proper Base Under Pavers

Before placing pavers, the foundation must be carefully planned and executed.

• Prevents Shifting: A stable base keeps pavers from moving under heavy traffic.
• Improves Drainage: Proper layers allow water to drain, preventing erosion.
• Increases Longevity: Well-leveled bases extend the life of pavers in construction.
• Ensures Even Surface: A flat foundation prevents trip hazards and uneven surfaces.

Materials Commonly Used Under Pavers

1. Crushed Stone (Gravel Base)

• The most common material used under pavers.
• Provides strength, stability, and drainage.
• Typically installed in layers, compacted to prevent settling.

2. Sand Bedding

• Placed on top of the crushed stone base.
• Provides a smooth, even surface to level pavers.
• Commonly used concrete sand or coarse sand for better compaction.

3. Geotextile Fabric (Optional but Recommended)

• Laid beneath crushed stone to prevent soil mixing.
• Improves drainage and prevents shifting.
• Useful in clay or loose soil conditions.

4. Concrete Slab (Alternative Option)

• Sometimes used for heavy-duty construction applications.
• Provides a permanent base but is more expensive.

Step-by-Step Process for Leveling Pavers

1. Excavation

• Dig to the proper depth, usually 6–12 inches, depending on intended use.
• Depth accounts for crushed stone, sand, and paver thickness.

2. Install Geotextile Fabric (if needed)

• Helps maintain stability and prevents soil erosion.

3. Add Crushed Stone Base

• Spread 4–8 inches of crushed stone.
• Compact thoroughly using a plate compactor in 2-inch layers.

4. Add Sand Layer

• Spread 1 inch of coarse sand evenly.
• Use a screed board to level it perfectly before placing pavers.

5. Place Pavers

• Lay pavers in desired pattern.
• Ensure tight joints and consistent spacing.

6. Compact and Seal

• After installation, use a plate compactor to lock pavers into place.
• Sweep polymeric sand into joints for added stability.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Using topsoil instead of crushed stone (leads to shifting and sinking).
• Skipping the compaction step.
• Adding too thick a sand layer (should not exceed 1 inch).
• Neglecting edge restraints, which hold pavers in place.

Cost of Preparing a Paver Base in Construction

Total base preparation cost: Typically ranges from $4 to $10 per sq. ft., depending on soil condition, materials, and labor.

Conclusion

In construction landscaping, knowing what to put under pavers to level the surface is crucial for long-term stability and aesthetics. The combination of crushed stone, sand, and geotextile fabric ensures proper drainage, durability, and a smooth foundation. Skipping these steps often results in uneven pavers, safety hazards, and costly repairs. A well-prepared base guarantees that patios, driveways, and walkways remain strong and beautiful for decades.

FAQs About What to Put Under Pavers to Level in Construction

Q1. What is the best base material for pavers?
A: Crushed stone topped with a layer of coarse sand is the most recommended base for stability and drainage.

Q2. Can I put pavers directly on soil?
A: No, soil alone is unstable and will cause pavers to sink or shift over time.

Q3. How thick should the sand layer be under pavers?
A: The sand layer should be about 1 inch thick for proper leveling.

Q4. Do I need to use geotextile fabric under pavers?
A: It is not always required, but highly recommended in areas with clay or loose soil to prevent shifting and erosion.

Q5. How deep should I dig for a paver patio or driveway?
A: Depth depends on usage—6 inches for patios/walkways and 10–12 inches for driveways to support vehicle loads.